![]() Despite this, some hallucinations, such as seeing and hearing persons, are very vivid and real and may be experienced as unpleasant, frightening, and hard to distinguish from true events. Most of the people who experience HH and HPH know that the perceptions are not true and do not exist. Hypnagogic hallucinations (HHs) and hypnopompic hallucinations (HPHs) are visual (e.g., feeling someone or something present in the room simple elementary forms such as sparks, lines, flashes, confetti, and shadows complex forms like waterfalls, cucumbers, animals, known or unknown people or faces, dwarfs, thieves, firemen, and lifelike scenes), auditory (e.g., footsteps, explosions, shots, a beep from a cell phone, voices of known or unknown people, familiar or unfamiliar songs), tactile (e.g., someone grabbing the subject, bugs crawling on the skin, tingling, pain), gustatory (e.g., metallic taste), olfactory (e.g., perfume, cologne, feces, smoke), and kinetic (e.g., floating, flying, jumping, falling, out-of-body experiences, levitation). Associations with SRHsĪlex Iranzo, in Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine (Sixth Edition), 2017 Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations Clinical Findings. Precipitating factors include current drug use, mood disorder, anxiety, and past alcohol use. SRHs can occur in association with sleep paralysis. Both HGHs and HPHs are more common in younger patients. ![]() HGH events have a prevalence of 25% to 35% and HPH events have a prevalence of 7% to 13%. Of interest, in one description of CNVHs, many of the patients also had other parasomnias. However, CNVHs can occur in neurologically intact individuals. CNVHs can occur in patients taking beta blocker medication and those with neurologic degenerative disorders such as Lewy body dementia. Although patients realize that they are awake, the hallucinations can be very frightening. The hallucinations are complex vivid visual images (multicolor), usually of people or animals, that are relatively immobile and may be distorted. 1,64 Usually, the affected individual does NOT remember a specific dream. SRHs may be difficult to differentiate from sleep-onset or sleep-termination dreaming.ĬNVHs are a variant of SRHs in which hallucinations occur after full awakening from sleep (in wakefulness after arousal from sleep). However, they may include auditory, tactile, or kinetic phenomena (sensation of motion or falling). 1 SRHs are primarily visual hallucinatory experiences that occur at sleep onset or on awakening. Sleep-related hallucinations (SRHs) include hypnagogic hallucinations (HGHs) at sleep onset, hypnopompic hallucinations (HPHs) on awakening from sleep, and complex nocturnal visual hallucinations (CNVHs). Berry MD, in Fundamentals of Sleep Medicine, 2012 Sleep-Related Hallucinations
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